Before the construction of building or roads, soil load bearing tests will be required. The two most common tests are the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the Plate Load Test.
Foundations
One of the main factors in good foundation design is the stability of the underlying ground. The depths of the foundations are influenced by the strength of the ground.
The main role of good foundation design is to structurally support the buildings by transferring loads from the building through the walls and pillars into the surrounding soil.
Another factor which must be taken into account when designing and specifying the foundations is the climate of the site. If in permafrost areas this will have an effect foundation.
Roads
Before the construction of any roads or pavements are undertaken CBR testing will need to be undertaken to determine the strength of the subgrade soil. This will then need to be factored into the design of the foundation of the road or pavement. The anticipated load on the road, i.e. traffic level and type will also need to be taken into account.